Joseph Mallord William Turner View of Tivoli from Monte Catillo, with the So-Called Temple of Vesta 1819
Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
View of Tivoli from Monte Catillo, with the So-Called Temple of Vesta 1819
D16118
Turner Bequest CLXXXVII 30
Turner Bequest CLXXXVII 30
Pencil on white wove paper, 256 x 404 mm
Inscribed by John Ruskin in blue ink ‘30’ bottom right, descending right-hand edge
Stamped in black ‘CLXXXVII 30’ bottom right
Inscribed by John Ruskin in blue ink ‘30’ bottom right, descending right-hand edge
Stamped in black ‘CLXXXVII 30’ bottom right
Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856
Exhibition history
1904
National Gallery, London, various dates to at least 1904 (302).
2000
Pure as Italian Air: Turner and Claude Lorrain, Tate Britain, London, November 2000–April 2001 (no catalogue).
2002
Turner et le Lorrain, Musée des Beaux-arts, Nancy, December 2002–March 2003 (43, reproduced in colour).
References
1904
E.T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn (eds.), Library Edition: The Works of John Ruskin: Volume XIII: Turner: The Harbours of England; Catalogues and Notes, London 1904, no.302, pp.379, 622, 623, as ‘Tivoli: The Temple of Vesta (in distance)’.
1909
A.J. Finberg, A Complete Inventory of the Drawings of the Turner Bequest, London 1909, vol.I, p.556, as ‘The Temple of Vesta. Exhibited Drawings, No.302, N.G.’.
1914
Thomas Ashby, ‘Turner at Tivoli’, Burlington Magazine, vol.25, no.136, July 1914, pp.242, 247, reproduced pl.I, B, as ‘View from the Foot of Monte Catillo’.
1920
D[ugald] S[utherland] MacColl, National Gallery, Millbank: Catalogue: Turner Collection, London 1920, p.86.
1925
Thomas Ashby, Turner’s Visions of Rome, London and New York 1925, pp.30–1, reproduced pl.25 opposite p.30, as ‘Temple of Vesta, Tivoli’.
2002
Ian Warrell, Blandine Chavanne and Michael Kitson, Turner et le Lorrain, exhibition catalogue, Musée des Beaux-arts, Nancy 2002, no.43, pp.97, 192, reproduced in colour, as ‘Tivoli from the north-east, with the Temple of Vesta’.
As Thomas Ashby first identified, this drawing represents a view of Tivoli from the foot of Monte Catillo to the east of the town.1 The vista looks west across the steep gorge known as the Valle d’Inferno (Valley of Hell), and the focal point of the composition is the so-called Temple of Vesta, an ancient circular edifice dating from the first century BC, which stands at the top of the ravine. Adjacent on the right is the so-called Temple of the Sibyl, a rectangular ruin which until the end of the nineteenth century was incorporated within the Church of San Giorgio, and immediately to the left is the Ponte San Rocco, a wooden bridge which spanned the precipitous drop near the former falling point of the ‘Grand Cascade’ of the River Aniene. After a devastating flood in 1826 the river was diverted in underground tunnels away from the residential district, altering the site of the waterfall. Ashby pinpointed Turner’s location as just above the twin tunnels where the river now issues forth to plunge into present-day Villa Gregoriana.2 He further described how the olive trees which once clothed the slopes had been replaced by a road and garden.3
Unlike the related view in watercolour (see Tate D16116; Turner Bequest CLXXXVII 28), or the tonal studies on grey watercolour wash elsewhere in this sketchbook, Turner’s focus here is the accurate mapping of Tivoli’s topography with little indication of naturalistic or atmospheric effects. John Ruskin described the quality of the Tivoli sketches from nature as ‘unsurpassable’.4
Technical notes:
Long detached from the Naples, Rome C. Studies sketchbook, this sheet was perhaps once folio 30 (see the concordance in the introduction).
Verso:
Blank, save for inscriptions by unknown hands in pencil ‘22’ centre and ‘CLXXXVII. 30’ bottom right; stamped in black ‘CLXXXVII 30’ and Turner Bequest monogram bottom left.
Nicola Moorby
March 2010
How to cite
Nicola Moorby, ‘View of Tivoli from Monte Catillo, with the So-Called Temple of Vesta 1819 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, March 2010, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, December 2012, https://www