Joseph Mallord William Turner The Mer de Glace and Valley of Chamonix 1802
Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
Folio 20 Recto:
The Mer de Glace and Valley of Chamonix 1802
D04612
Turner Bequest LXXV 20
Turner Bequest LXXV 20
Pencil, black and white chalk on white wove paper prepared with grey wash, 315 x 473 mm
Stamped in black ‘LXXV 20’ bottom left descending vertically
Blind-stamped with the Turner Bequest monogram bottom right
Stamped in black ‘LXXV 20’ bottom left descending vertically
Blind-stamped with the Turner Bequest monogram bottom right
Exhibition history
1878
National Gallery, London, various dates, 1878–1904 (553, as ‘Source of Arveiron’).
References
1902
E.T. Cook (ed.), Ruskin on Pictures: A Collection of Criticisms by John Ruskin not heretofore Re-printed and now Re-edited and Re-arranged, vol.I, London 1902, p.228, as ‘“Source of the Arveron”’.
1904
E.T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn (eds.), Library Edition: The Works of John Ruskin: Volume XIII: Turner: The Harbours of England; Catalogues and Notes, London 1904, pp.267, 635.
1909
A.J. Finberg, A Complete Inventory of the Drawings of the Turner Bequest, London 1909, vol.I, p.202, LXXV 20.
1976
John Russell and Andrew Wilton, Turner in Switzerland, Zurich 1976, p.136.
1979
Andrew Wilton, The Life and Work of J.M.W. Turner, Fribourg 1979, p.344.
1996
Gillian Forrester, Turner’s ‘Drawing Book’: The Liber Studiorum, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1996, p.122 note 1.
2000
David Hill, Joseph Mallord William Turner: Le Mont-Blanc et la Vallée d’Aoste, exhibition catalogue, Museo Archeologico Regionale, Aosta / Musée Archéologique Régional, Aoste 2000, pp.68, 274.
2008
Gillian Forrester, David Hill, Matthew Imms and others, Reisen mit William Turner: J.M.W. Turner: Das Liber Studiorum, exhibition catalogue, Galerie Stihl, Waiblingen 2008, p.158.
This quick, incisive sketch was taken from the track up to the Montenvers and the Mer de Glace, looking down on the left towards the Glacier du Bois and the cave from which springs the fountain of the River Arveyron. Far below is the Valley of Chamonix. In his catalogue notes for the National Gallery, John Ruskin described this as a ‘First sketch from nature ... made in going up the Montanvert during a minute or two of pause to take breath’.1
Turner used this sketch as the basis for a watercolour made for Walter Fawkes, variously dated c.1809 or 1814 (Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio),2 whose original title Valley of Chamouni has been established by Eric Shanes.3 The general outline of the valley and screen of dead trees are retained in the watercolour. A larger version of this composition also made for Fawkes (Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut)4 was long thought to have been exhibited in 1803 but Shanes has argued that it should be redated c.1814 and associated with a different original title, Mer de Glace, in the Valley of Chamouni, Switzerland.5 Turner drew similar scenes nearby on larger, separate sheets (for example Tate D04480, D04886; Turner Bequest LXXIX F, L).
As Ruskin was the first to observe, Turner also used this subject for the Liber Studiorum plate The Source of the Arveron in the Valley of Chamouni Savoy, via the study (Tate D08161; Turner Bequest CXVIII G). Gillian Forrester suggests this was intended to form a pair with another Liber Alpine subject, Mill near the Grande Chartreuse.6
Wilton 1979, p.344 no.389, as ‘“Mer de Glace, in the Valley of Chamouni, Switzerland” (Chamonix, looking down the valley)’.
Eric Shanes, ‘Identifying Turner’s Chamonix water-colours’, The Burlington Magazine, vol.142 no.1172, November 2000, p.694.
Verso:
Blank
David Blayney Brown
October 2011
How to cite
David Blayney Brown, ‘The Mer de Glace and Valley of Chamonix 1802 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, October 2011, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, August 2014, https://www