Joseph Mallord William Turner Notes on St Peter's, Rome 1819
Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
Folio 2 Verso:
Notes on St Peter’s, Rome 1819
D15108
Turner Bequest CLXXX 2 a
Turner Bequest CLXXX 2 a
Pencil on white wove paper, 161 x 101 mm
Inscribed by the artist in black ink (see main catalogue entry) and in pencil ‘Perseus’ within sketch top right, parallel with right-hand edge
Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856
References
1897
Walter Thornbury, The Life of J.M.W. Turner, R.A. Founded on Letters and Papers Furnished by his Friends and Fellow-Academicians: A New Edition, Revised with 8 Coloured Illustrations after Turner’s Originals and 2 Woodcuts, London 1897, p.479.
1909
A.J. Finberg, A Complete Inventory of the Drawings of the Turner Bequest, London 1909, vol.I, p.531, as ‘The following written in ink:- “St. Peter’s. The part by Bernini good in the arrangement of the columns, but being very large they carry the idea of greatness away from the facade of the building, which being but one order, tho the ... has in the facia of the pannel a capital to carry an entablature without support, and the Dome, &c.’.
1925
Thomas Ashby, Turner’s Visions of Rome, London and New York 1925, pp.14–15.
1984
Cecilia Powell, ‘Turner on Classic Ground: His Visits to Central and Southern Italy and Related Paintings and Drawings’, unpublished Ph.D thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London 1984, pp.225 and 507 note 21, 411, 472 note 8, as ‘Saint Peter’s. the part by Bernini good / in the arrangement of the columns but being very large they convey the idea of greatness / away from the facade of the building / which being but one Order. tho the attic has in the facia of the pannel a / capital, to carry an entablature / without supports and the Dome collosal / has it certainly is by measure appears / to rest upon the Upper cornice and / in the most favourable view the / columns are cut by it or the cupla has no base / so that the Dome in approaching / the steps becomes secondary. The (illegible) for the (illegible) are / (illegible) are immense pieces and (illegible) a / trifling pediment masks the front / and the openings increase between the / pilasters so that two of the windows are / (sketch of window)’.
1987
Cecilia Powell, Turner in the South: Rome, Naples, Florence, New Haven and London 1987, p.37 note 7.
1997
James Hamilton, Turner: A Life, London 1997, p.199 note 18.
Turner has used this page to make extensive handwritten notes in black ink about the architectural design of St Peter’s, the great basilica church of Rome and Vatican City. The inscription was first fully transcribed by Cecilia Powell and is repeated here with only minor variations from her text:
Saint Peter’s the part by Bernini good | in the arrangement of the colomns but being | very large they carry the idea of greatness | away from the facade of the building | which being but one Order . tho the attic | has in the facia of the pannel a | capital, to carry an entablature | without supports, and the Dome collosal | has it certainly is by measure appears | to rest upon the upper cornice and | is the most favourable V and the | columns are cut by it or the cupula has no base. | so that the Dome in approaching | the steps becomes secondary the | sculpture parts for the parts once | [?open] are immense pieces ... and but a | trifling pediment marks the front. | and the openings increase between the | pilasters so that two of the windows are | [sketch of a window]
Turner’s criticisms of St Peter’s were not unusual. Many visitors to Rome found the façade disappointing.1 Detailed drawings of the exterior of St Peter’s appear in the Rome C. Studies sketchbook (Tate D16332, D16333, D16347; Turner Bequest CLXXXIX 6, 7 and 21), whilst sketches of the interior can be found within the St Peter’s sketchbook (Tate D16189, D16279, D16309, D16311–15; Turner Bequest CLXXXVIII 17a, 67a, 83, 84–6).
Also on this page underneath the writing is a pencil drawing executed in the top right-hand corner, parallel with the gutter of the sketchbook. This is part of a study of the Palazzo Farnese which has spilled over from the opposite sheet of the double-page spread, see folio 3 (D15109). The detail, annotated ‘Perseus’, appears to represent the fresco of Perseus and Phineas by Annibale Carracci and Domenichino from the northern end wall of the Farnese Gallery. Turner has briefly indicated the shape of the doors underneath the painting.
Nicola Moorby
December 2009
How to cite
Nicola Moorby, ‘Notes on St Peter’s, Rome 1819 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, December 2009, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, December 2012, https://www