Joseph Mallord William Turner The Dogana, Venice, across the Grand Canal from the Steps of the Hotel Europa (Palazzo Giustinian) at Night 1840
Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
The Dogana, Venice, across the Grand Canal from the Steps of the Hotel Europa (Palazzo Giustinian) at Night 1840
D32238
Turner Bequest CCCXVIII 19
Turner Bequest CCCXVIII 19
Chalk, gouache and watercolour on red-brown wove paper, 232 x 312 mm
Blind-stamped with Turner Bequest monogram towards bottom right
Stamped in black ‘CCCXVIII – 19’ bottom right
Blind-stamped with Turner Bequest monogram towards bottom right
Stamped in black ‘CCCXVIII – 19’ bottom right
Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856
Exhibition history
1952
Turner Watercolours for the Huntingdon [sic] Art Gallery, Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino, California, January–March 1952 (no number, but frame no.28, as ‘Venice: Evening from the Steps of the Europa Hotel (?)’, c.1837–41).
2014
Room Service: Vom Hotel in der Kunst und Künstlern im Hotel / On the Hotel in the Arts and Artists in the Hotel, Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, March–June 2014 (no number, as ‘The Dogana from the Steps of the Hotel Europa’, 1833, reproduced in colour)
.
.
References
1909
A.J. Finberg, A Complete Inventory of the Drawings of the Turner Bequest, London 1909, vol.II, p.1027, CCCXVIII 19, as ‘Evening. [On back,] – “25.”’.
1930
A.J. Finberg, In Venice with Turner, London 1930, p.176, as ‘The Dogana; evening’, probably 1835.
1985
Lindsay Stainton, Turner’s Venice, London 1985, p.47 no.16, as ‘TB CCXVIII-19’ (sic), ‘The Dogana from the steps of the Hotel Europa’, ?1833, pl.16 (colour).
1837
Exhibition of Turner Watercolours for the Huntingdon [sic] Art Gallery, exhibition catalogue, Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino, California 1952, p.4, as ‘Venice: Evening from the Steps of the Europa Hotel (?)’, c.1837–41.
2003
Ian Warrell in Warrell, David Laven, Jan Morris and others, Turner and Venice, exhibition catalogue, Tate Britain, London 2003, pp.132, 264 note 12, 259.
2014
Johan Holten ed., Room Service: Vom Hotel in der Kunst und Künstlern im Hotel / On the Hotel in the Arts and Artists in the Hotel, exhibition catalogue, Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden 2014, reproduced in colour p.8, as ‘The Dogana from the Steps of the Hotel Europa’, 1833
.
.
1930
Finberg’s 1909 Inventory listed this work as simply ‘Evening’; in 1930 he revised the entry to identify ‘The Dogana; evening’. Meanwhile, he annotated his own copy of the Inventory: ‘Prby. Dogana from S. Maria Zobenigo (d. brown of bldgs. On left, sky dark pink & blue)’. The Turner scholar C.F. Bell marked his own copy: ‘From the steps of the Europa’. In the dim light of what is perhaps moonlight rather than dusk, the familiar porch of the Dogana is on the right to the south across the entrance of the Grand Canal, framing a much-compressed view south-east over the Bacino; on the left the waterfront runs east-north-east towards the Molo; there is no indication of the island and church of San Giorgio Maggiore across the water in the gloom.
In the left foreground appears to be a simplified version of the arched entrance of the Palazzo Giustinian (Hotel Europa), flanked in reality by smaller, pedimented doorways, with light catching the curved edges of steps below. Turner was staying there on this occasion; see the Introduction to this subsection. Broad, curving stones are shown in the right foreground of the evening scene in the oil painting The Dogano, San Giorgio, Citella, from the Steps of the Europa, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1842 (Tate N00372);1 if such steps survive, they are now obscured beneath the substantial wooden platform running the length of the frontage.
Compare two similarly lit scenes from around the entrance to the Calle del Ridotto on the east side of the hotel, above the traghetto landing stage of the same name (shown here as rather ramshackle), looking south-west towards Santa Maria della Salute along the canal beyond the Dogana (Tate D32230, D32232; Turner Bequest CCCXVIII 11, 13); see also a related view of the Dogana and Salute by the light of a rocket (D32248; CCCXVIII 29).2
Technical notes:
The strong turquoise blue of the sky appears scratched or rubbed, possibly for deliberate variety of effect. This is one of numerous 1840 Venice works Ian Warrell has noted as being on ‘Red-brown paper made at Cartieri Pietro Milani Mill, Fabriano, with a watermark showing the letter “M” accompanied by laurel leaves:1 Tate D32224, D32227, D32230, D32238–D32241, D32245–D32246, D32248, D32251, D32254 (Turner Bequest CCCXVIII 5, 8, 11, 19–22, 26, 27, 29, CCCXIX 3, 6). As Warrell has observed; the support ‘seems to be quite absorbent, so that the colours penetrate through to the back of the sheet’.2
‘Appendix: The papers used for Turner’s Venetian Watercolours’ (1840, section 9) in Warrell 2003, p.259; see also see also Peter Bower, Turner’s Later Papers: A Study of the Manufacture, Selection and Use of his Drawing Papers 1820–1851, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1999, p.111 under no.64; and Warrell 2003, p.259, sections 10 and 11, for other likely Italian (possibly Fabriano) brown papers.
Verso:
Blank, with staining from the dark colours of the recto (see the technical comments above); inscribed by Turner in ink ‘25’ bottom right, upside down; inscribed in pencil ‘Solid’ above right of centre; stamped in black with Turner Bequest monogram over ‘CCCXVIII – 19’ bottom left; inscribed in pencil ‘CCCXVIII.18’ and ‘D32238’ towards bottom right. For Turner’s ink numbering of many similar sheets, see the Introduction to the tour.
Matthew Imms
September 2018
How to cite
Matthew Imms, ‘The Dogana, Venice, across the Grand Canal from the Steps of the Hotel Europa (Palazzo Giustinian) at Night 1840 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, September 2018, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, December 2019, https://www