J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours

ISBN 978-1-84976-386-8
J.M.W. Turner > 1819-29 Italy and after > Italy c.1828-43 > Artwork

Joseph Mallord William Turner An ?Italian Castle or Town, with Pine Trees and Mountains Beyond c.1828-43

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Joseph Mallord William Turner, ‘An ?Italian Castle or Town, with Pine Trees and Mountains Beyond’ c.1828-43
Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851
An ?Italian Castle or Town, with Pine Trees and Mountains Beyond c.1828–43
D33770
Turner Bequest CCCXLI 91
Pencil on grey wove paper, 136 x 194 mm
Partial watermark ‘Allnutt | 27’
Inscribed in red ink ‘91’ bottom right
Stamped in black ‘CCCXLI – 91’ bottom right
Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856
The subject, with distant buildings and pine trees in a valley and smaller structures in the foreground, is probably Italian; see the Introduction to this section for further brief discussion and dating. Compare the settings of Tate D33769, D33771 and D33772 (Turner Bequest CCCXLI 90, 92, 93).
Technical notes:
The right-hand edge is stained and darkened. This drawing was made on one sixteenth of an Imperial-format sheet (overall approximately 559 x 762 mm; 22 x 30 inches) of ‘medium-weight pale grey-green wove’ paper, made by Thomas Smith and Henry Allnutt of Great Ivy Mill, Maidstone, Kent.1 Paper conservator Peter Bower has identified all but a handful of the constituents of three such sheets, each with the watermark ‘Smith & Allnutt | 1827’, which were carefully torn up by Turner for sketching.2 They are ‘the only examples of his working on coloured papers from this maker’, although he had previously used their white wove papers.3 The torn edge of this sheet matches up to Tate D33771 (Turner Bequest CCCXLI 92), which bears the other half of the watermark.
These torn-up sheets all fall within an extensive grouping dated in Finberg’s 1909 Inventory to about 1830–41, comprising drawings of similar format and technique:
Miscellaneous: Black and White. | (a) Grey Paper. | A number of sketches of mountain scenery, mostly unidentified. Among them are probably German subjects, in the neighbourhood of the Rhine and Danube, scenes in the Austrian Alps and North Italy, as well as scenes in Switzerland and elsewhere. | The drawings are grouped according to the paper they are made on.4
Presumably on the advice of Tate curators, Bower dates the use of one of these virtually reconstructed sheets to 1840, when Turner travelled to Venice via Germany, without further elaboration or discussion of the individual subjects;5 by implication the others were used around that time. Although it seems likely that these torn-up sheets were used within a short period at a relatively late stage of Turner’s career and perhaps kept together in bundles at least initially, the subjects, dating and sequence of use after their 1827 manufacture, and hence the precise relationships between these and other sheets in Finberg’s portmanteau ‘Grey Paper’ section among which they are widely scattered, remain to be confirmed.
1
Bower 1999, p.109.
2
See ibid. and p.110 note 1 for the individual Turner Bequest numbers of the identified works; as a result of Bower’s wider survey of Turner’s papers, at the time of writing numerous small batches of Turner Bequest works on grey paper are kept together in annotated folders, indicating that they have been identified as systematically torn from specific large sheets.
3
Ibid., p.109; see p.110 note 4 for further details.
4
Finberg 1909, II, p.1084; the overall section, ibid., pp.1064–96, comprises Turner Bequest CCCXLI 1–445.
5
Bower 1999, p.109 no.62, reproduced, as ‘Reassembled sheet’.
Verso:
Blank; inscribed by John Ruskin in pencil ‘234 | O’ bottom right.

Matthew Imms
February 2016

How to cite

Matthew Imms, ‘An ?Italian Castle or Town, with Pine Trees and Mountains Beyond c.1828–43 by Joseph Mallord William Turner’, catalogue entry, February 2016, in David Blayney Brown (ed.), J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours, Tate Research Publication, November 2016, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/jmw-turner/joseph-mallord-william-turner-an-italian-castle-or-town-with-pine-trees-and-mountains-r1182989, accessed 23 November 2024.