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- First Brazilian television station established.
- The company Vera Cruz attempts to start a Brazilian film industry.
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- First São Paulo Biennial: Max Bill receives International Prize
for Sculpture with Tripartite Unity. Bill’s concept of ‘Concrete
Art’ would influence a new generation of artists.
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- The Ruptura Group exhibits at MAM (Museum of Modern Art), São
Paulo, and publishes a manifesto.
- Brothers Haraldo and Augusto de Campos together with Décio
Pignatari publish Noigandres Magazine, a focal point for concrete
poetry.
- The Frente Group formed in Rio.
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- First National Exhibition of Abstract Art held in Petrópolis,
Rio de Janeiro State.
- The Frente Group exhibits at IBEU (Brazilian-USA Institute), Rio.
- Argentine concrete artists exhibit at MAM, Rio.
- Max Bill holds a conference at MAM, Rio entitled ‘The Architect,
Architecture and Society’.
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- Pétrobras, the government-owned company, is created.
- President Getúlio Vargas commits suicide. Café Filho
takes over the presidency.
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- Second Frente exhibition at the MAM, Rio.
- Nelson Periera Dos Santos’ film Rio 40 Degrees is released,
a precursor of ‘Cinema Novo’.
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- First National Exhibition of Concrete Art opens at MAM, São
Paulo, and includes artists and poets.
- Juscelino Kubitschek takes over as President of the Republic, extending
industrialisation through a plan of ‘Nationalist Developmentalism’.
- Construction begins on Brazil’s new capital, Brasília:
urban design by Lucio Costa, architecture by Oscar Niemeyer, landscape
by Roberto Burle Marx.
- Volkswagen begins manufacturing in Brazil
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- First National Exhibition of Concrete Art opens in Rio.
- Ferreira Gullar dissociates himself from São Paulo concrete
poets.
- The Supplemento Dominical (Weekend Supplement) of Jornal
do Brasil is created, with graphic design by Amilcar de Castro and
Reynaldo Jardim.
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- Noigrandres Magazine publishes the ‘Pilot Plan for Concrete
Poetry’.
- Bossa Nova emerges, influenced by jazz, classical and popular Brazilian
music.
- Brazil wins football World Cup, making Pelé a football star
worldwide.
- Construction of ‘Conjunto Habitacional de Pedregulho’ completed.
The apartment complex, intended as a model for social housing, was designed
by Affonso Eduardo Reidy.
- The new building for MAM, Rio, completed. Designed by Affonso Eduardo
Reidy.
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- First Neoconcrete exhibition at the MAM, Rio. Artists include Amilcar
de Castro, Ferreira Gullar, Franz Weissman, Lygia Clark, Lygia Pape,
Reynaldo Jardim and Theon Spanudis.
- Neoconcrete Manifesto published in Jornal do Brasil.
- The Neoconcrete ballet by Lygia Pape and Reynaldo Jardim is performed
at Theatro da Praça, Rio.
- Ferreira Gullar publishes ‘The Theory of the Non-Object’
in Jornal do Brasil.
- João Gilberto’s record Chega de Saudade is released,
with songs arranged by Tom Jobim.
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- Second Neoconcrete exhibition at the Ministry of Educationa and Culture.
- Ferreira Gullar published ‘Dialogue on the Non-Object’ in
Jornal do Brasil.
- Brasília, the new capital, is inaugurated.
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- First issue of the Journal of Art Criticism (Association of
Brazilian Art Critics) published.
- Jânio Quadras becomes President of the Republic. He resigns
after 7 months. Joao Goulart takes over.
- Ferreira Gullar abandons the Neoconcrete movement.
- In December Jornal do Brasil’s Supplemento Dominical closes.
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- Affonso Reidy and Roberto Burle Marx design the Flamengo Landfill
which will become the world’s largest urban park.
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- The Superior School of Industrial Design is created.
- Publication of the Anteprojeto of the CPC organised by the
National Union of Students.
- Around 600,000 people, 16 per cent of the population, live in Favelas.
- In March, a military coup d’état deposes President Goulart.
Marshal Castelo Branco takes over.
- Ferreira Gullar publishes Culture Questioned, subsequently
banned by the military regime.
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