This portrait of an unknown lady in the character of the heroine in 'Troilus and Cressida' was inspired by the lines spoken by Pandarus in Act 3, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's tragedy: 'Come, draw this curtain, and let's see your picture'. The painting was first shown at the Royal Academy in 1800. It was treated in 2005 in preparation for display in the Romantic Painting gallery at Tate Britain.
In the following interview conservator Rebecca Hellen discusses aspects of this complex conservation project.
‘I spent weeks and weeks working out how to treat it and then removing the many layers of dirt, varnish and over-paint which made Opie's painting so dark and difficult to appreciate. Through the early stages of this process I quickly began to realise why it was restorers had been so concerned with repairing cracks in the painting. Looking for more information on the materials and technique of this Cornish artist and understanding why these cracks developed became essential to the conservation process. It was clear from analysis of the cross-sections that Opie has modified his paints. This means the artist's oil paint was mixed with additional mediums, such as resin varnish, wax or bitumen. The network of cracks I uncovered in Troilus's red cloak was extraordinary.’
In the details of the painting during treatment (Figs.2 and 3) it is possible to see what lengths the nineteenth century restorers had gone to in order to disguise these cracks. They were filled with putty made from chalk and animal glue, painted over and then varnished. Until the recent conservation treatment, most of the original drapery in Troilus's cloak was completely obscured by restorations. Rebecca notes:
‘I took a very different approach than the nineteenth and early twentieth century restorers when I painted the damages and disfiguring cracking patterns in this work. With this painting I decided not to try and smooth the cracking patterns over and have left the texture visible ...I inpainted the surface with reversible modern resins mixed with dry pigments in order to disguise areas of loss and damage but left the original texture of Opie's experimental paints for those who look closely to see.’
Dealing with the difficult process of varnish removal and deciding which was the best approach to inpainting and then executing it proved a great intellectual and physical challenge. Not only is the surface area of this painting very large but its topography and problems varied from one area to the next, sometimes depending on its colour. A great deal of time and patience is required to treat such a complex and vast surface area. Rebecca commented:
‘I felt problem solving issues for this treatment required some collaboration. I visited other museums and galleries to view their paintings by Opie, discussed their condition with fellow curators and conservators and researched contemporary and nineteenth century texts. A Century of British Painters written by art historians Richard and Samuel Redgrave in the 1860s provided a chapter on the preservation, materials and techniques of works from this period with specific reference to Opie.
It took months and months of work to complete the treatment of this historic portrait but it was made particularly stimulating along the way as I was able to take a little of that time to investigate and understand some of the processes and materials that Opie used to create the work and a little of the context for his inspirations too.’
Following conservation, the painting was displayed at Tate Britain prior to travelling on loan to the exhibition John Opie: A Celebration of the 'Cornish Wonder' at the Royal Cornwall Museum in Truro to commemorate the bicentenary of Opie's death.
See John Opie's Portrait of a Lady in the Character of Cressida (exhibited 1800) in the Collection.
Rebecca Hellen, Assistant Programme Conservator
February 2007
