Raw Materials was created for Bruce Nauman’s Unilever Series commission in the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern in 2004. The work is a sound installation for which Nauman brought together 22 recordings of texts taken from earlier works that span almost 40 years of his career. Disembodied voices speak in a variety of styles; there are statements that explore sentence construction, single words repeated over and over, and stories that feed back into themselves and go nowhere. Throughout, the tone and inflection of voices and variations in rhythms dramatically shift meanings, from diplomatic to psychotic, pleading to bullying, anxious to mocking. In its original installation Raw Materials was encountered as bands of sound that ran in strips across the width of the Turbine Hall. The artist has made a proposal for the re-presentation of the work to fit in Tate Modern’s escalators and concourses, emphasising a degree of flexibility in future presentations.